Multiple myeloma- Cancer of Bone

𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒆: 𝑴𝒖𝒍𝒕𝒊𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝑴𝒚𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒎𝒂.

Disease that was diagnosed first in

1844, is the disease of bone ; cancer of bone. The first patient diagnosed with Multiple Myeloma was the famous businessman who lived in london. Dr. John's was the first doctor to discover this disease. 

 In Multiple myeloma cases,Stage 3 is the terminal stage. The means it's the most advanced stage of this type of rare cancer. Doctors use the international staging system to determine the Stage of the cancer. This system is bussed on the levels of Serum beta-2 microglobulin and Serum.

𝑴𝒚𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒎𝒂 𝒂𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒔 𝒘𝒉𝒊𝒕𝒆 𝒃𝒍𝒐𝒐𝒅 𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒔 𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒅 𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒔𝒎𝒂 𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍. 𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒚 𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒔𝒎𝒂 𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒔 𝒎𝒂𝒌𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒃𝒐𝒅𝒊𝒆𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒉𝒆𝒍𝒑 𝒚𝒐𝒖 𝒇𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒊𝒏𝒇𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝒎𝒚𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒎𝒂 , 𝒚𝒐𝒖𝒓 𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒔𝒎𝒂 𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒔 𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒓𝒕 𝒕𝒐 𝒎𝒂𝒌𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒃𝒐𝒅𝒊𝒆𝒔 𝒘𝒉𝒊𝒄𝒉 𝒅𝒐𝒏'𝒕 𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒍𝒚. 𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒔𝒆 𝒂𝒃𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒔 𝒂𝒍𝒔𝒐 𝒈𝒓𝒐𝒘 𝒎𝒐𝒓𝒆 𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒄𝒌𝒍𝒚 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒚 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒅. 

𝑴𝒐𝒔𝒕 𝒑𝒆𝒐𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒈𝒏𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒎𝒚𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒎𝒂 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒎𝒆𝒏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒎𝒐𝒔𝒕 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒓 70. 𝑨𝒍𝒕𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒈𝒉 𝒔𝒐𝒎𝒆 𝒑𝒆𝒐𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒎𝒖𝒄𝒉 𝒚𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒓 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒚 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒈𝒏𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒅. 

𝑻𝒘𝒐 𝒌𝒊𝒏𝒅𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒃𝒐𝒏𝒆 𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒔 𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌𝒔 𝒕𝒐𝒈𝒆𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒌𝒆𝒆𝒑 𝒃𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒔 𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒍𝒕𝒉𝒚 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒏𝒈. 

•Osteoclasts-  break down old cells.

•Osteoblasts-  lay down new bone. 

Multiple Myeloma Treatment and Diagnosis:

Diagnosis

Sometimes a health care professional finds multiple myeloma during a blood test for another condition. Other times your symptoms may lead your health care professional to test for multiple myeloma.

Tests and procedures to diagnose multiple myeloma include:

• Blood tests. The M proteins made by myeloma cells can show up in a sample of blood. Blood tests also might find another protein myeloma cells make, called beta-2- microglobulin.

Other blood tests give your health care team clues about your diagnosis. These tests might include tests that look at kidney function, blood cell counts, calcium levels and uric acid levels.

• Urine tests. M proteins can show up in urine samples. In urine, the proteins are called Bence Jones proteins.

• Bone marrow tests. Bone marrow biopsy and bone marrow aspiration are used to collect bone marrow samples for testing. Bone marrow has a solid and a liquid part. In a bone marrow biopsy, a needle is used to collect a small amount of the solid tissue. In a bone marrow aspiration, a needle is used to draw a sample of the fluid. The samples are typically taken from the hip bone.

• Imaging tests. Imaging tests can show bone problems linked with multiple myeloma. Tests may include an X-ray, MRI scan, CT scan, or positron emission tomography scan, also called PET scan.

Stages

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The results of your tests help your health care team decide your myeloma's stage. In multiple myeloma, the stages range from 1 to 3. The stage tells your health care team how quickly your myeloma is growing. A stage 1 multiple myeloma is growing slowly. As the stages get higher, the myeloma becomes more aggressive. A stage 3 multiple myeloma is getting worse quickly.

Multiple myeloma can also be given a risk level. This is another way to say how aggressive the disease is.

Your health care team uses the multiple myeloma stage and risk level to understand your prognosis and plan your treatment.