Multiple myeloma- Cancer of Bone


π‘«π’Šπ’”π’†π’‚π’”π’†: π‘΄π’–π’π’•π’Šπ’‘π’π’† π‘΄π’šπ’†π’π’π’Žπ’‚.

Disease that was diagnosed first in
1844, is the disease of bone ; cancer of bone. The first patient diagnosed with Multiple Myeloma was the famous businessman who lived in london. Dr. John's was the first doctor to discover this disease. 




 In Multiple myeloma cases,Stage 3 is the terminal stage. The means it's the most advanced stage of this type of rare cancer. Doctors use the international staging system to determine the Stage of the cancer. This system is bussed on the levels of Serum beta-2 microglobulin and Serum.




π‘΄π’šπ’†π’π’π’Žπ’‚ 𝒂𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒔 π’˜π’‰π’Šπ’•π’† 𝒃𝒍𝒐𝒐𝒅 𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒔 𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒅 π’‘π’π’‚π’”π’Žπ’‚ 𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍. π‘΅π’π’“π’Žπ’‚π’π’π’š π’‘π’π’‚π’”π’Žπ’‚ 𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒔 π’Žπ’‚π’Œπ’† π’‚π’π’•π’Šπ’ƒπ’π’…π’Šπ’†π’” 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒉𝒆𝒍𝒑 π’šπ’π’– π’‡π’Šπ’ˆπ’‰π’• π’˜π’Šπ’•π’‰ π’Šπ’π’‡π’†π’„π’•π’Šπ’π’π’” π’Šπ’ π’Žπ’šπ’†π’π’π’Žπ’‚ , π’šπ’π’–π’“ π’‘π’π’‚π’”π’Žπ’‚ 𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒔 𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒓𝒕 𝒕𝒐 π’Žπ’‚π’Œπ’† π’‚π’π’•π’Šπ’ƒπ’π’…π’Šπ’†π’” π’˜π’‰π’Šπ’„π’‰ 𝒅𝒐𝒏'𝒕 π’˜π’π’“π’Œ π’‘π’“π’π’‘π’†π’“π’π’š. 𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒔𝒆 π’‚π’ƒπ’π’π’“π’Žπ’‚π’ 𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒔 𝒂𝒍𝒔𝒐 π’ˆπ’“π’π’˜ π’Žπ’π’“π’† π’’π’–π’Šπ’„π’Œπ’π’š 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 π’•π’‰π’†π’š 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒅. 
𝑴𝒐𝒔𝒕 𝒑𝒆𝒐𝒑𝒍𝒆 π’…π’Šπ’‚π’ˆπ’π’π’”π’†π’… π’˜π’Šπ’•π’‰ π’Žπ’šπ’†π’π’π’Žπ’‚ 𝒂𝒓𝒆 π’Žπ’†π’ 𝒂𝒏𝒅 π’Žπ’π’”π’• 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒓 70. π‘¨π’π’•π’‰π’π’–π’ˆπ’‰ π’”π’π’Žπ’† 𝒑𝒆𝒐𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝒂𝒓𝒆 π’Žπ’–π’„π’‰ π’šπ’π’–π’π’ˆπ’†π’“ π’˜π’‰π’†π’ π’•π’‰π’†π’š 𝒂𝒓𝒆 π’…π’Šπ’‚π’ˆπ’π’π’”π’†π’…. 
π‘»π’˜π’ π’Œπ’Šπ’π’…π’” 𝒐𝒇 𝒃𝒐𝒏𝒆 𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒔 π’˜π’π’“π’Œπ’” π’•π’π’ˆπ’†π’•π’‰π’†π’“ π’Œπ’†π’†π’‘ 𝒃𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒔 π’‰π’†π’‚π’π’•π’‰π’š 𝒂𝒏𝒅 π’”π’•π’“π’π’π’ˆ. 

β€’Osteoclasts-  break down old cells.
β€’Osteoblasts-  lay down new bone. 


Multiple Myeloma Treatment and Diagnosis:















Diagnosis


Sometimes a health care professional finds multiple myeloma during a blood test for another condition. Other times your symptoms may lead your health care professional to test for multiple myeloma.

Tests and procedures to diagnose multiple myeloma include:

β€’ Blood tests. The M proteins made by myeloma cells can show up in a sample of blood. Blood tests also might find another protein myeloma cells make, called beta-2- microglobulin.

Other blood tests give your health care team clues about your diagnosis. These tests might include tests that look at kidney function, blood cell counts, calcium levels and uric acid levels.

β€’ Urine tests. M proteins can show up in urine samples. In urine, the proteins are called Bence Jones proteins.

β€’ Bone marrow tests. Bone marrow biopsy and bone marrow aspiration are used to collect bone marrow samples for testing. Bone marrow has a solid and a liquid part. In a bone marrow biopsy, a needle is used to collect a small amount of the solid tissue. In a bone marrow aspiration, a needle is used to draw a sample of the fluid. The samples are typically taken from the hip bone.

β€’ Imaging tests. Imaging tests can show bone problems linked with multiple myeloma. Tests may include an X-ray, MRI scan, CT scan, or positron emission tomography scan, also called PET scan.



Stages


79%

The results of your tests help your health care team decide your myeloma's stage. In multiple myeloma, the stages range from 1 to 3. The stage tells your health care team how quickly your myeloma is growing. A stage 1 multiple myeloma is growing slowly. As the stages get higher, the myeloma becomes more aggressive. A stage 3 multiple myeloma is getting worse quickly.

Multiple myeloma can also be given a risk level. This is another way to say how aggressive the disease is.

Your health care team uses the multiple myeloma stage and risk level to understand your prognosis and plan your treatment.



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